Microstructure and the main features of stainless steel
Stainless steel can be divided into varieties, including Austenitic stainless steel, Martensitestainless steel, Ferritic stainless steel, Duplex stainless steel and Precipitation dardening stainless steel, etc. The following contents will have a simple introduction of these kinds of stainless steel.
The system of Austenite stainless steel is a face-centered cubic structure. The main features of this steel are that when under the condition of normal heat treatment, austenitic is the matrix organization of steel and while with improper heat treatment or in different heating condition, a small amount of carbide and ferrite may occur in the austenitic matrix organization. The mechanical properties of Austenitic stainless steel can not be changed by heat treatment. It can only be reinforced in a method of cold deformation. By adding molybdenum, copper, silicon and other alloying elements, different steel grades which are suitable for all kinds of using conditions will be produced. Austenitic stainless steel has some important features, including no magnetic, good low temperature properties, easy formability and weldability.
The system of Ferritic stainless steel is a body centered cubic structure. Its ability of corrosion resistance is not as good as Austenitic stainless steel, but the ability of resistance to stress corrosion cracking is superior than that of Austenitic stainless steel. At a normal temperature, this kind of steel has strong magnetic. Besides, it can not be hardened by heat treatment, having excellent cold workability.
At normal temperatures, martensitic structure exists in Martensite stainless steel. In the condition, the steel has strong magnetic. Generally, its corrosion resistance is not outstanding, but the intensity is high, leading to be used as high strength structure steel. But at high temperatures, the steel contains Austenitic organization, which can be changed into martensite phase in air cooling or oil cold condition.
Other kinds of steel have their special features. The main features of Duplex stainless steel includes high yield strength, super ability of resistance to pitting corrosion and stress corrosion, easy to forming and welding. And Precipitation hardening stainless steel has features that its performance can be adjusted by means of heat treatment process, making it become an organization easily processed and molded in steel molding and equipment manufacturing process.
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